I figured this is a debate that needed to be had....It could potentially be very beneficial to all of our tortoises if what I'm hoping is proven...
Oxalic acid is one thing I have strived to understand for some time now. I recently saw a claim that we need to limit dandelion greens because of the oxalic acid content...
Earlier, I was working with my brother, who is a biochemist. I made a comment about my star fruit tree, and all of the fruit it had, but I was worried about feeding it to my tortoises because of the high amount of oxalic acid...This prompted a lengthy discussion about it.
No evidence has yet been presented to prove that oxalic acid actually has any harmful effect to our shelled companions (obviously it can in some ways, we'll get to that)...Most just figure to be on the safe side because of what it does to humans. But comparing mammals to reptiles is rather irrelevant. The digestive and metabolism systems are so much different.
Here's an illustration of oxalic acid. From the understanding I got from my brother, judging by the nature of this compound, two oxalates will have to form together to "wrap around" and bind a calcium ion. This means that unless there are twice as much oxalates then calcium in the food you feed, there is no harm. If you look at the amounts of calcium to oxalic acid in most foods you feed, there is no danger. Especially if you pair up a food with super-high calcium, like collard greens, in a meal containing large amounts of oxalic acid.
But heres the problem: Calcium oxalates, if stored in the liver, which they tend to be by reptiles, are a main component of kidney stones. This obviously presents a threat to our shelled companions. But how often is it stored, and how often is it passed? And how often is it actually used to make stones? Are there certain ways in feeding to get around it being stored by the liver? I honestly don't understand how it can be harmful, because in all plants, calcium and oxalic acid come hand in hand....There was a reason for that that my brother explained...Something about that for there to be calcium, there had to be oxalic acid to keep it there? I'm not completely sure. But it is true that the two are always together, so how can it be harmful?
From the research I've done about oxalic acid, it appears that hydration is a key. This is already known in reptiles; hydration seems to be key to everything. But if there is plenty of hydration, it apparently significanly decreases the risk of stones.
Magnesium is a mineral that leafy greens is rich in....Which we feed a lot of. On studys done on several different animals, it has become apparent that with the correct amounts of magnesium (which is certain in the diet of most chelonians), the risk of stones are also lowered.
I don't like using the comparison of humans to reptiles, but most all ways of limiting kidney stone formation that is caused by calcium oxalate is to increase leafy greens and fruits in the diet, and decrease meats. Greens are abundant in tortoise' diets, and meat is very low.
From the research I've seen, it seems that dehydration is a key element in kidney stones. That, coupled with too little Vitamin A (which is high in most foods we feed), Vitamin D, and too much calcium is going to result in kidney stones. It seems the oxalic acid is just a small contributor to it; certainly not the main culprit.
Wild tortoises are known to eat plants considered dangerously high in oxalates. Bladder stones are also found in wild tortoises....They are not a death sentence. I'm not completely sure of the harm of them, but I believe it to only be if they are broken inside that they can cause harm?
If oxalic acid is not harmful as we think it is, then it would eliminate all worry of oxalates, and possibly allow us to utilize a larger range of food sources...But nothing is perfect until it is peer-reviewed . So, if anyone has knowledge in this field, please give me your opinion, and correct me where I'm wrong. I really want this to be solved, for my own learning and that of others.
Oxalic acid is one thing I have strived to understand for some time now. I recently saw a claim that we need to limit dandelion greens because of the oxalic acid content...
Earlier, I was working with my brother, who is a biochemist. I made a comment about my star fruit tree, and all of the fruit it had, but I was worried about feeding it to my tortoises because of the high amount of oxalic acid...This prompted a lengthy discussion about it.
No evidence has yet been presented to prove that oxalic acid actually has any harmful effect to our shelled companions (obviously it can in some ways, we'll get to that)...Most just figure to be on the safe side because of what it does to humans. But comparing mammals to reptiles is rather irrelevant. The digestive and metabolism systems are so much different.
Here's an illustration of oxalic acid. From the understanding I got from my brother, judging by the nature of this compound, two oxalates will have to form together to "wrap around" and bind a calcium ion. This means that unless there are twice as much oxalates then calcium in the food you feed, there is no harm. If you look at the amounts of calcium to oxalic acid in most foods you feed, there is no danger. Especially if you pair up a food with super-high calcium, like collard greens, in a meal containing large amounts of oxalic acid.
But heres the problem: Calcium oxalates, if stored in the liver, which they tend to be by reptiles, are a main component of kidney stones. This obviously presents a threat to our shelled companions. But how often is it stored, and how often is it passed? And how often is it actually used to make stones? Are there certain ways in feeding to get around it being stored by the liver? I honestly don't understand how it can be harmful, because in all plants, calcium and oxalic acid come hand in hand....There was a reason for that that my brother explained...Something about that for there to be calcium, there had to be oxalic acid to keep it there? I'm not completely sure. But it is true that the two are always together, so how can it be harmful?
From the research I've done about oxalic acid, it appears that hydration is a key. This is already known in reptiles; hydration seems to be key to everything. But if there is plenty of hydration, it apparently significanly decreases the risk of stones.
Magnesium is a mineral that leafy greens is rich in....Which we feed a lot of. On studys done on several different animals, it has become apparent that with the correct amounts of magnesium (which is certain in the diet of most chelonians), the risk of stones are also lowered.
I don't like using the comparison of humans to reptiles, but most all ways of limiting kidney stone formation that is caused by calcium oxalate is to increase leafy greens and fruits in the diet, and decrease meats. Greens are abundant in tortoise' diets, and meat is very low.
From the research I've seen, it seems that dehydration is a key element in kidney stones. That, coupled with too little Vitamin A (which is high in most foods we feed), Vitamin D, and too much calcium is going to result in kidney stones. It seems the oxalic acid is just a small contributor to it; certainly not the main culprit.
Wild tortoises are known to eat plants considered dangerously high in oxalates. Bladder stones are also found in wild tortoises....They are not a death sentence. I'm not completely sure of the harm of them, but I believe it to only be if they are broken inside that they can cause harm?
If oxalic acid is not harmful as we think it is, then it would eliminate all worry of oxalates, and possibly allow us to utilize a larger range of food sources...But nothing is perfect until it is peer-reviewed . So, if anyone has knowledge in this field, please give me your opinion, and correct me where I'm wrong. I really want this to be solved, for my own learning and that of others.
Last edited by a moderator: