1. looks like a dandelion but it's hard to tell from the photo and young leaves. could be some sort of lettuce or other salad green if you'd previously had some in your garden that went to seed.
2. looks like horsetail. not edible.
3. looks like a member of brassicaceae but i'm not near 100% sure
4. is some sort of clump grass, possibly a fescue or rye grass? looks like some of the stuff that came in my rough and tumble mix that I seeded my back lawn w/years ago.
use that tortoisetable link posted by jackrat to determine edibility...it's a good site!