What kind of substrate is best?

Yvonne G

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Hi, and welcome to the Forum!

Substrate is a personal choice. You first have to find out what the tortoise needs to be healthy, then provide that any way you can. Russian tortoises, in fact most tortoises, need a substrate you can moisten a bit, yet it dries out on the top layer. So that when the tortoise digs down he can have a bit of moisture in the substrate. In order to provide that, I like to use orchid bark or cypress mulch. Some people use coco coir, some use clean dirt from the garden.
 
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Tom

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I prefer orchid bark for russians, but Yvonne explained this all very well.
 

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